It's possible to turn off automatic scaling of textures with dimensions that aren't powers of two. I don't know how Unity handles this under the hood, but I assume it would preserve the actual size of the image (e.g., when querying texture dimensions). Of course, it's better to use textures with power-of-two dimensions if possible.
To disable scaling, open the [texture import settings window][1], set *Texture Type* to *Advanced* and change *Non Power of 2* from *To nearest* to *None*.
[1]: http://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/class-TextureImporter.html
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